The APEC 2025 summit will be hosted by South Korea in Gyeongju, focusing on the theme "Building a Sustainable Tomorrow" with key priorities of connectivity, innovation, and prosperity.The summit will gather leaders from the 21 APEC member economies to discuss pressing economic issues and cooperation strategies.&nbsp;The Citi delegation will be lead by <a href="https://www.citigroup.com/global/about-us/leadership/jane-fraser" target="_blank">Jane Fraser, Chief Executive Officer, Citi.</a>&nbsp;

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional economic forum established in 1989 to leverage the growing interdependence of the Asia-Pacific. APEC's 21 members aim to create greater prosperity for the people of the region by promoting balanced, inclusive, sustainable, innovative and secure growth and by accelerating regional economic integration.

 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 2025

2025

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Nature’s health is in decline, leaving our planet facing a twin climate and nature crisis.<o:p></o:p>The contribution of business and finance to nature loss and their role in addressing it are increasingly coming into focus.<o:p></o:p>In this new Citi GPS report, we assess:<o:p></o:p><ul style="list-style-type:disc;"><li>How industries impact and depend on nature across all realms--land, freshwater, oceans, atmosphere--and their revenue exposure.</li><li>Potential hotspots of conflict between industrial activities and ecologically sensitive areas.<o:p></o:p></li></ul>&nbsp;We then examine the evolving landscape of nature regulation and initiatives, nature data and finance solutions, and we hear from experts from within and outside Citi.<o:p></o:p>The report also looks at the shift towards more integrated environmental management and best practice for corporates.<o:p></o:p>Our proprietary analyses found that:<o:p></o:p><ul style="list-style-type:disc;"><li>$15 trillion of business revenue (spanning 7 industries) has potentially high direct negative impacts across all nature realms.<o:p></o:p></li><li>High impact sectors have at least 15% of industrial facilities in areas with high or extremely high water-stress<o:p></o:p></li></ul>&nbsp;A holistic analysis of nature impacts, dependencies and location assessment at the sector level allows us to demonstrate and provide insights into why corporates and investors should act, and how they can start to assess nature impacts and dependencies.<o:p></o:p>We also find that more companies are setting nature-related goals and targets across a variety of issues, as awareness has grown, and corporates are upskilling and employing more climate and biodiversity personnel. Nature is the next sustainability frontier for business and finance.<o:p></o:p>However, progress still trails that made on climate. Nature loss is more complex than climate change. It is location-specific and there’s no one common metric to measure progress.<o:p></o:p>Businesses will be expected to move on several nature-related issues, including deforestation, freshwater use, pollution, ocean health decline and biodiversity loss. However, these are often considered and addressed in siloes, or consigned to the back burner as climate takes full focus.<o:p></o:p>Nature is vital for climate mitigation and adaptation, and climate action is essential for addressing nature loss.<o:p></o:p>A focus on the energy transition will only solve part of the environmental challenge we face. Effective transition to net zero requires a broader view beyond carbon to encompass and embrace nature.<o:p></o:p>

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Sustainability’s Next Frontier

The contribution of business and finance to nature loss and their role in addressing it are increasingly coming into focus.

Nature

Report

Manufacturing supply chains are undergoing a worldwide reshaping, through a potent combination of economics, geopolitics, technology, and policy intervention.&nbsp;Underpinning this is a growing desire to build resilience to shocks by reducing concentration risk. The backdrop is the inexorable rise of protectionism, and mounting geopolitical risks associated with US-China strategic competition.<o:p></o:p>All these factors are likely to lead to increased demand to diversify production and import reliance away from China.<o:p></o:p>While it offers compelling cost effectiveness and a host of other attractions, we think China’s global manufacturing share will gradually recede from here, providing ripe opportunity for some Latam and Asian economies to take market share.<o:p></o:p>In fact, these two regions – Latam and Asia –are already increasingly inter-linking thanks primarily to the China-Latam bilateral trade that has exploded in recent years.<o:p></o:p>Based on Citi’s proprietary corporate payments data, payment flows from China to Latam have increased more than 30% over the last three years alone.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p>And accelerated supply chain shifts are materializing in parts of the ASEAN region and India.<o:p></o:p>ASEAN has pursued structural reforms to improve the domestic investor climate and provide various fiscal and tariff reducing policy inducements.<o:p></o:p>India’s strategy involves improving competitiveness through high quality physical infrastructure, various fiscal support policies and its fast-growing domestic market.<o:p></o:p>Beyond such broad-based manufacturing relocation, another important shift in global supply chains relates to semiconductors.<o:p></o:p>This is driven by policy interventions motivated by national security concerns to both reduce the concentration of high-end semiconductor fabrication in Taiwan, and to contain China’s technological ambitions with the West imposing punitive export controls.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p>This latest Citi GPS report offers insights from Citi’s experts across the world on how the very nature of global trade is changing, providing clear and present evidence of a rapidly shifting world order.<o:p></o:p><o:p></o:p>

Download the full Global Trade in Flux report. 

Politics, Policy and the Reconfiguration of Supply Chains 

Manufacturing supply chains are undergoing a worldwide reshaping, through a potent combination of economics, geopolitics, technology, and policy intervention.

Global Trade in Flux 

Supply Chain Financing - Resilience, Opportunity and the Shifting Winds of Trade

The winds of trade are changing. The pandemic, geopolitical upheavals, supply chain disruptions, inflation, the end of historically low interest rates, and other challenges have left scars on companies of all sizes, in all jurisdictions. &nbsp;This Citi GPS Supply Chain Financing Report offers a comprehensive analysis of global trade dynamics, economic performance, and emerging trends in supply chain management.&nbsp; Despite the upheaval, the overriding theme has been resilience. The lessons learned – including a focus on working capital – will not be easily forgotten.&nbsp; Yet over the past two years, the global economy has outperformed bearish forecasts, bolstered by strong consumer spending and a healthy U.S. corporate sector. The geopolitical landscape is unpredictable, of course, with President Trump’s return to the White House introducing trade uncertainties that could have significant consequences for companies and countries. The operating environment right now though, weeks into the new administration, remains favorable, driven by rate cuts in the West and government stimulus in China. At the start of 2025, Citi economists predict 2.6% growth this year, with inflationary pressures in global goods markets expected to remain subdued. This year, 58% of suppliers surveyed reported sales orders meeting or exceeding expectations, while 61% of large corporates anticipate increased exports. &nbsp; Key to this optimism is the realization that globalization is not retreating but evolving. Shifts in supply chains reflect a strategic realignment aimed at mitigating risks and enhancing resilience while achieving efficiencies where possible. Diversification efforts are accelerating, with 38% of corporate survey respondents planning to reduce reliance on China. This reconfiguration creates new opportunities. Over a third of suppliers are benefiting from new sales corridors after securing orders from previously untapped countries. It will take time to fully understand any supply chain reconfigurations, but some corridors could benefit. Should corporates adopt more China-plus-one strategies, China-to-ASEAN corridors may see growth. The Asia-Latam corridor also has potential.&nbsp; Generative AI could streamline trade: 58% of large corporations are increasing investments in digital innovations. Large corporates hope GenAI could enhance treasury operations by unlocking trapped liquidity and enabling faster, more responsive inventory management.&nbsp; This report delivers insights about global trade, the economic outlook, and the challenges and ambitions of large corporates and smaller suppliers. We also explore the changing role of export credit agencies, as well as trends in payables and receivables finance and digitization.&nbsp; We hope this report provides a comprehensive perspective on the shifting trade landscape and the opportunities that lie ahead for businesses.

Resilience, Opportunity and the Shifting Winds of Trade 

This Citi GPS offers a comprehensive analysis of global trade dynamics, economic performance, and emerging trends in supply chain management.&nbsp;

Supply Chain Financing

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Digital Dollars - Banks and Public Sector Drive Blockchain Adoption

Blockchain’s adoption is being driven by evolving regulation and a growing emphasis on transparency and accountability. This GPS report focuses on two key areas: enabling new financial instruments – such as stablecoins – and modernizing legacy systems.With the tailwind of regulatory support and factors such as the increased integration of digital assets into incumbent financial institutions and favorable macroeconomics, we expect increased demand for stablecoins ahead.&nbsp;Blockchain introduces a decentralized, trust-based approach to managing public sector data. Unlike traditional systems, where trust is established through a central authority – such as a government verifying its own records – blockchain relies on cryptographic proof.&nbsp;Globally, government processes broadly remain a series of discrete, siloed steps, which are still dependent on large amounts of paper and manual work. Blockchain offers significant potential to replace existing centralized systems with streamlined operational efficiency, better data protection and reduced fraud.&nbsp;Of course substantial risks and challenges remain. These include vulnerability to potential fraud, confidentiality concerns and secure access to digital assets.

Banks and Public Sector Drive Blockchain Adoption

Blockchain’s adoption is being driven by evolving regulation and a growing emphasis on transparency and accountability. This GPS report focuses on two key areas: enabling new financial instruments – such as stablecoins – and modernizing legacy systems. &nbsp;

Digital Dollars

Transcript

In this special episode of The Citi Institute Podcast, host Ronit Ghose is joined by Prag Sharma, Global Head, Artificial Intelligence Centre of Excellence (AI CoE) to discuss the potential use cases for Agentic AI in finance and business, addressing the impact on the workforce and what it might mean for Leaders.Prag highlights important considerations for organizations looking to implement Agentic AI, such as defining use cases, governance and risk management, and integrating it with existing tools and infrastructure.Our guest reflects on potential benefits for clients, and provides insights on the rapid pace of AI development and the need for the right governance, risk controls, and up-skilling of employees to work effectively with the technology.&nbsp;The speakers’ views are their own and may not necessarily reflect the views of Citi or any of its affiliates. All opinions are subject to change without notice. Neither the information provided, nor any opinion expressed constitutes a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. The expressions of opinion are not intended to be a forecast of future events or a guarantee of future results.

<ul><li>Agentic AI is transforming finance, leadership, and the future workforce.</li><li>Successful adoption requires clear use cases, governance, and strong risk management.</li><li>Leaders must balance innovation with responsibility to maximize organizational value.</li></ul>

Prag leads Citi’s Global Artificial Intelligence Centre of Excellence (“AI CoE”). The AI CoE enables Citi to use Artificial Intelligence in a way that supports Citi to innovate responsibly by ensuring appropriate levels of governance and risk management across the entire organization. The purpose of the AI CoE is to set standards and policies for AI and develop best practices, support infrastructure and tooling and enable state-of-the-art AI design, development and use at Citi across all its businesses.Prior to this role, Prag led Citi’s Innovation Lab's Emerging Technologies Group. The focus of the group was on developing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain-related thought-leadership and strategy, internal and client-facing partnerships, business development &amp; lead-generation, information dissemination, R&amp;D and engineering activities.Prag has enjoyed a 15-year career which includes hands-on management experience in R&amp;D and experimental design &amp; development with emerging technologies in both business and academic environments with start-ups and multinationals.&nbsp;

Prag Sharma, Global Head, Artificial Intelligence Centre of Excellence (AI CoE)

Ronit is the Head of Future of Finance for the Citi Global Insights team. Prior to this Ronit was Global Sector Head for Banks in Citi Research.&nbsp;He has been Head of the European Banks team since 2009. He is the lead analyst on HSBC, Standard Chartered, the GCC and Nordic Banks. Since joining Citi in 1997, Ronit has covered banks in the Benelux, Canada, Cyprus, France, Greece, Saudi Arabia, Scandinavia, Spain, UAE and the U.K. Ronit previously worked at the British Bankers’ Association and as a research assistant in Parliament for the former U.K. Prime Minister Sir Edward Heath. Ronit has an undergraduate degree in Modern History (University of Oxford), a postgraduate diploma in Economics (University of London), and is a CFA charterholder. &nbsp;

Ronit Ghose, Global Head, Future of Finance, Citi Institute

Our guest reflects on potential benefits for clients, and provides insights on the rapid pace of AI development and the need for the right governance, risk controls, and up-skilling of employees to work effectively with the technology.&nbsp;

/rcs/citigpa/storage/public/CIP_What_Agentic_AI_Means_for_Leaders_TRANSCRIPT.pdf

What Agentic AI Means for Leaders

GPS report

Real Time:  24x7 Finance in an Always-On World 

We live in a real-time world. From ordering food to ride-hailing and how we work and socialize, we are increasingly expecting instant service.This Citi GPS report focuses on the shift toward real-time payments, driven by technological changes and enabled by regulation and policy shifts. With over 80 jurisdictions representing 95% of global GDP now offering instant payment schemes, the world is set to experience explosive growth in global real-time payments adoption. The transition to a 24x7 real-time economy presents both challenges and opportunities, and it will be crucial to balance speed of transactions with robust security.&nbsp;Corporates will benefit from the efficient use of liquidity and capital but will have to invest in infrastructure for always-on operations, including outside traditional business hours. However, these challenges also create opportunities for innovation and new business models. By embracing innovation, prioritizing cybersecurity, and fostering collaboration across the financial ecosystem, businesses and financial institutions can start to unlock the full potential of real-time payments and build a more inclusive, efficient, and dynamic financial future.<h2>Key Takeaways&nbsp;</h2><figure class="table"><table><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td style="border-color:hsl(0, 0%, 100%);">Shifting consumer behavior, new business models, and technological advancements are collectively driving the need for finance to be 24x7.</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Regulation and policy changes are pushing real-time payments into the mainstream. Asia and emerging markets have historically led the way. The mandatory adoption of SEPA Instant across Europe and the rapid expansion of the FedNow Service in the U.S. mark a fundamental shift. Real-time finance is no longer emerging, it is the default.</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Strategic advantage increasingly depends on how effectively institutions incorporate real-time capabilities. Banks and corporates need to fundamentally rethink business models and infrastructure. A new wave of finance firms will emerge – new entrants, upgraded existing banks, fintechs and hybrids/partnerships.</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Real-time systems like Pix (Brazil), UPI (India), and M-Pesa (Kenya) have demonstrated their ability to drive financial inclusion and support economic development. In some emerging markets, broader adoption could add 1-2ppts to GDP growth.</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Speed brings risk. The finality of real-time payments, combined with increasingly sophisticated AI-driven fraud, presents a rapidly evolving threat. Without robust real-time fraud detection, liquidity controls, and AI-based safeguards, institutions risk falling behind in the fight against this trillion-dollar threat.</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Real-time cross-border payments are unlocking new opportunities for businesses operating globally, enabling faster settlements, improved working capital management, and enhanced customer experiences. However, the complexities of cross-border interoperability and regulation remain a key challenge.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>&nbsp;

24/7 Finance in an Always-On World

This Citi GPS report focuses on the shift toward real-time payments, driven by technological changes and enabled by regulation and policy shifts.&nbsp;

Real Time

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Financing Prosperity - The Evolving Role of Business in Society

Governments, consumers, regulators, investors, and others are increasingly tasking businesses with contributing to societal goals.However, there is little consensus on how - and increasingly whether - businesses should make a social contribution, or even what the common societal goals are.In this report we investigate a framework that could allow companies and investors to think about a resilient social impact strategy - both in terms of the risk of harm and the potential to contribute. We analyze policy frameworks, reporting guidelines, corporate reporting, and investor actions. We complement this with insights from interviews with investors.

The Evolving Role of Business in Society

This report investigates a framework that could allow companies and investors to think about a resilient social impact strategy - both in terms of the risk of harm and the potential to contribute.&nbsp;

Financing Prosperity

As Southeast Asia's cross-border e-commerce hits $17 billion, business models and the infrastructure behind them are being tested and reshaped. In our latest report, we explore what's next for the market when it comes to:<ul style="list-style-type:disc;"><li>Logistics, payments, and FX bottlenecks</li><li>The regulatory shifts corporates can’t ignore</li><li>How platforms, merchants, and treasury teams can adapt</li></ul>&nbsp;

Read the full article: The Rise of Cross-Border E-commerce in Southeast Asia, and What's Next

As Southeast Asia's cross-border e-commerce hits $17 billion, business models and the infrastructure behind them are being tested and reshaped. In our latest report, we explore what's next for the market.

The Rise of Cross-Border E-commerce in Southeast Asia, and What's Next

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Stablecoins 2030 - Web3 to Wall Street

Back in April (<a href="https://www.citigroup.com/global/insights/digital-dollars" target="_blank">Citi Institute GPS: Digital Dollars</a>), we argued that 2025 would be blockchain’s ChatGPT moment, with stablecoins igniting the shift. Now that transformation is unfolding at remarkable pace.Cryptocurrency company listings, record fundraising and breakthroughs in technology all suggest that institutional adoption is accelerating.This summer has brought a raft of announcements, especially by digitally native companies, to bring stablecoins to commerce and real-world activities. In addition, existing crypto-driven stablecoin activity has continued to grow. Issuance volumes are up from approximately $200 billion at the start of 2025 to about $280 billion.We are revising our stablecoin total issuance forecasts in this report to: $1.9 trillion base case (previously $1.6 trillion) and $4.0 trillion bull case ($3.7 trillion), due to the strong growth of the market in the past six months and the wide range of project announcements, in the U.S. and internationally.The evolution of digital assets - stablecoins, tokenized deposits, deposit tokens - feels in some ways like the early days of the dotcom boom. Skeptics once again proclaim that banks will be disintermediated. But we don’t believe crypto will burn down the existing system. Rather it is helping us reimagine it.We are excited by the opportunities presented by stablecoins, but they are not the answer to everything. Domestic consumer payments in many countries work well: they are already real-time, 24x7 and low-cost. Cross-border payments are a different matter, but fintechs and big banks have made rapid progress here too.Stablecoins may be a vital addition to the finance toolkit, especially for digitally native companies and investors, as well as frontier market households looking for an easy way hold dollars. But for many, bank tokens - deposit tokens, tokenized deposits and similar - will be an easier integration.We believe that the turnover of bank tokens could exceed stablecoins by 2030, even with a small shift of current traditional rails on chain. It is not a digital format war that we foresee. But a continued progress towards smarter, faster finance.

<ol style="list-style-type:decimal;"><li><h6>In our April 2025 Citi GPS: Digital Dollars, we argued 2025 would be a ChatGPT moment for the institutional adoption of blockchain. The past six months have confirmed this, with digitally native companies leading the “real world” charge.</h6><h6>&nbsp;</h6></li><li><h6>Reflecting rapid YTD growth and new project announcements, we revise our 2030 base case estimate for stablecoin issuance to $1.9 trillion (previously &nbsp;$1.6 trillion) and bull case to $4.0 trillion (previously $3.7 trillion).</h6>&nbsp;</li><li><h6>At 50x velocity (see page 22), similar to fiat payment velocity over time, stablecoins could support nearly $100 trillion in transaction activity by 2030 (base case). The same velocity for our bull case (market size $4.0 trillion) would imply $200 trillion.</h6>&nbsp;</li><li><h6>We see an ecosystem where stablecoins, tokenized deposits, deposit tokens, and CBDCs can all flourish and co-exist. Different forms of money will find different product market fit with usage shaped by trust, interoperability, and regulatory clarity.</h6>&nbsp;</li><li><h6>Bank tokens (tokenized deposits, deposit tokens, and similar), offering the trust, familiarity and regulatory safeguards of bank money, are preferred by many corporates. 2030 bank token transaction volumes could exceed stablecoins.</h6>&nbsp;</li><li><h6>Large corporate treasuries are interested in programmability, enabling real-time settlement/reconciliation, compliance embedded at the point of transaction, &nbsp;and fewer friction points. These can be offered by bank tokens and stablecoins.</h6>&nbsp;</li><li><h6>On-chain money volumes are likely to remain heavily USD denominated and are &nbsp;a source of incremental new demand for U.S. treasuries. However, HK, UAE and other innovative hubs are also hot spots of activity – this is not just about USD.</h6>&nbsp;</li><li><h6>While our annual turnover forecasts for stablecoins (base case: $100 trillion) and bank tokens (above $100 trillion) may appear large to the layperson, this is still small relative to money flows: leading banks move $5-10 trillion per day today.</h6></li></ol>&nbsp;

Key Takeaways 

Web3 to Wall Street

The evolution of digital assets - stablecoins, tokenized deposits, deposit tokens - feels in some ways like the early days of the dotcom boom. Skeptics once again proclaim that banks will be disintermediated. But we don’t believe crypto will burn down the existing system. Rather it is helping us reimagine it.

Stablecoins 2030 

AI in  Investment Management - Beyond Efficiency Gains

The way artificial intelligence (AI) is used by the investment management industry is rapidly shifting from a focus on operational efficiency to enabling more sophisticated investment-centric applications. This is being driven by AI's ability to handle vast amounts of data, generate insights, and automate complex tasks.This report is a follow up to our June 2024 report AI in Investment Management – the Pursuit of a Competitive Edge. &nbsp;

<ol style="list-style-type:decimal;"><li>Generative AI and agentic AI are fundamentally reshaping investment management, moving beyond simple efficiency gains to enable advanced research, analysis, and decision-making by processing unprecedented data volumes and automating complex workflows.</li><li>The focus of AI adoption in investment management has evolved from primarily improving operational efficiency to actively contributing to alpha generation through sophisticated data analysis and autonomous execution of tasks.</li><li>AI applications are expanding across investment, distribution, and operations, with new use cases emerging and a growing “wishlist” for future potential uses, including research assistants, predictive analytics, and automated decision-making support.</li><li>AI and GenAI are pivotal in accelerating the electronification of financial markets, transforming trade execution, data handling, and streamlining voice-to-electronic communications, &nbsp;particularly in less electronified asset classes like fixed income and derivatives.</li><li>Despite rapid advancements, significant challenges persist, including concerns about over-reliance and cognitive debt, confirmation bias, data privacy, security, and the need for robust regulatory frameworks and talent upskilling.</li><li>Investment firms face strategic decisions regarding developing AI capabilities in-house versus partnering with fintechs – the “buy vs. build” dilemma. AI accelerates the consideration for modularization of investment processes and leveraging external expertise where efficient.</li><li>Future developments in AI for investment management include applications in longer-term strategic signal generation, deploying agentic AI for time series forecasting and uncovering complex relationships through graph neural networks.</li></ol>

The way artificial intelligence (AI) is used by the investment management industry is rapidly shifting from a focus on operational efficiency to enabling more sophisticated investment-centric applications. This is being driven by Ai’s ability to handle vast amounts of data, generate insights, and automate complex tasks.

AI in Investment Management - Beyond Efficiency Gains

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APEC - The New Connections Driving Trade 

This report aims to provide a snapshot of the rapidly evolving economic and trade landscape within the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) region. APEC has cemented its position as a vital economic grouping, growing to 21 economies since 1989 and accounting for a significant portion of global GDP.

<ol><li><hr>APEC’s Robust Economic Standing: APEC continues to solidify its position as a vital economic and trade grouping, with its share of global GDP steadily increasing and attracting significant foreign direct investment, reflecting its growing influence in the world economy.&nbsp;<hr></li><li>Geopolitical Reordering of Trade: Trade relations within APEC are undergoing a significant realignment driven by geopolitical factors. This includes strategies like “China +1” and a visible diversification of supply chains, signaling a shift away from singular dependencies.<hr></li><li>Emergence of “Connector Economies”: Certain “connector economies” like Vietnam, Thailand, and Mexico are becoming crucial intermediaries in U.S.-China trade, enhancing supply chain resilience despite increasing geopolitical complexities.<hr></li><li>Technology-Driven Export Growth: Integrated circuits (fueled by AI demand), electric vehicles, gold, and energy are identified as the primary drivers of export growth across APEC, with the region holding a dominant position in the global&nbsp; electric vehicle value chain.<hr></li><li>Accelerated Digitalization of Services Trade: Accelerated Digitalization of Services Trade: In contrast to the stagnation in goods trade, services trade, especially digitally delivered services, is experiencing rapid growth, largely propelled by technological advancements&nbsp;and the facilitative role of Artificial Intelligence.<hr></li><li>Substantial AI Investment: Significant private capital is being invested in advanced technologies across APEC, with generative AI, large language models, and NFTs attracting the largest shares. The U.S. currently leads substantially&nbsp; in private AI investment.<hr></li><li>Impact of U.S. Trade Policy Uncertainty: Anticipation and implementation of U.S. tariff policies are causing notable shifts in trade flows and supply chain configurations, impacting the value and volume of goods shipped between APEC members and the U.S.<hr></li><li>China’s Leadership in Clean Technology: China’s considerable investments in clean technologies such as solar, batteries, and electric vehicles are accelerating global adoption, influencing trade and investment patterns, and posing challenges to traditional manufacturing sectors in other APEC economies.<hr></li></ol>

Key Takeaways

This report aims to provide a snapshot of the rapidly evolving economic and trade landscape within the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) region. APEC has cemented its position as a vital economic grouping, growing to 21 economies since 1989 and accounting for a significant portion of global GDP.

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